2011 Riots, Tottenham, London, United Kingdom

• Gang culture
• Black gangster culture (proposed by historian David Starkey) In a Newsnight discussion, historian David Starkey blamed black gangster culture, claiming that it had influenced youths of all races.
• The Underclass
• Gang culture has been cited as a cause of the riots. Paul Routledge writing in the Daily Mirror singled out the role of rap music. However, rap artist Professor Green has challenged the assertion that rap music can be considered a cause.